From lowest to highest, the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link) the internet layer, providing internetworking between independent networks the transport layer, handling host-to-host communication and the application layer, providing process-to-process data exchange for applications. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers, which classify all related protocols according to each protocol's scope of networking. The Internet protocol suite provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received. The current foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), as well as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).ĭuring its development, versions of it were known as the Department of Defense ( DoD) model because the development of the networking method was funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA. The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks.
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